Education, Society & Reform Research © (EDUSREF) EDUSREF Official Conference Proceedings This online content is a product of the full papers presented at EDUSREF Conferences. About EDUSREF Education, Society & Reform Research (EDUSREF) is an International Annual Conference that aims to bridge the knowledge gap, promote social research esteem, and produce democratic information for potential education reforms. Like the other social systems, the education systems from pre-school to higher education face the challenges deriving from social, demographic, economic, technological, political, and the other trends both in the local and global level. It seems vital to respond to these challenges in short-term and prepare the reform frameworks in the long-term for making and preserving education systems more effective than ever before. At least, one of the ways of this attempt is to enlarge and disseminate what we know about education and society.